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英语物主代词

物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)和名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。

基本用法

形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。如:

His son is taller than hers.他的儿子比她的儿子高。

Her son is a friend of ours.她的儿子是我们的朋友。

Ours is a great country.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家

This is my desk and that’s hers.这是我的书桌,那是她的书桌。

She clasped Helen’s hand in both hers.她用双手握住海伦的手。

My view is the very opposite of his.我的看法和他的看法恰恰相反。

He lives in the house which is opposite ours.他住在我们家对面的房子里。

Our school beat theirs at baseball. 棒球赛我们学校打赢了他们的学校。

This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔,我的在铅笔盒里。

【说明】可以说 a friend of mine (ours,yours,hers,his,theirs),但是不能说 a friend of me (us,you,her,him,them),但是“名词+of it”有时可用来代替“its+名词”,如 its price 也可说成 the price of it。

own的用法

为了强调,有时可在物主代词后加上own一词。如:

Mind your own business.别管闲事。

I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看到的。

She had made her own tragedy.她造成了自己的悲剧。

Her private morality is her own business.她的个人品德是她自己的事。

I’m a human Being I can stand on my own feet.我是人,我可以自立。

He referred his wealth to his own hard work.他把他的致富归功于他辛勤的工作。

I feel that I knew about the value of my own work. 我感觉我了解我自己工作的价值。

【说明】有可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语。如:

We have no children of our own.我们没有自己的孩子。

I wish I had a little lab of my own.但愿我有自己的一间小实验室。

We would be glad to have money of our own.我们愿意有自己的钱。

These professors had opinions of their own. 这些教授们有合己的看法。

I hope to have a room of my own. / I hope to have my own house.我希望有自己的房子。

使用注意点

1.要注意英语与汉语使用物主代词的差异。汉语说“我校”,说成英语应是my school,而不能是I school;汉语说“他父亲”,说成英语应是his father,而不能是 he father;同样地,汉语说“你先生”,说成英语应是your husband,而不能是you husband。另外,有些在英语中必用的物主代词在汉语中往往无需表达,如:

听到这个消息,他摇了摇头。

误:Hearing the news he shook head.

正:Hearing the news he shook his head.

汉语通常只说“摇头”,不说“摇某人的头”,而英语则说shake one’s head。

2.有时按汉语习惯似乎应用物主代词,而英语却要用人称代词:

这个学期谁教我们的英语?

误:Who will teach our English this term?

正:Who will teach us English this term?

English作为一个表示语言的名词,其前不能用物主代词,除非它表示的是使用英语的水平或能力,如可说My English is poor.我的英语(水平)不行。类似地,不能说He teaches my physics.但可以说My physics is good.

参考资料